ADVANCED PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS - Python
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I will be conducting lecture on YouTube.
Lecture will start at sharp 11:00 AM.
Please attend it. And if you have any questions then
please ask in Comment box below the video.
Topics which will be covered in this session are:
1. Python Module
2. Python - Try, Except, Finally block
Due to Internet connectivity issue making premiered video can be great tool
where without any kind of interruption students can watch lecture video.
YouTube Session
ADVANCED PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS - Python (TY A and B)
Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University.
TY Mechanical Engineering Students.
Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University.
TY Mechanical Engineering Students.
Ref.: https://www.w3schools.com/python/
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Python Programs:
mymodule.py file
# What is a Module?
# Consider a module to be the same as a code library.
# A file containing a set of functions you want to include in your application.
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
person1 = {
"name": "Ram",
"age": 36,
"country": "India"
}
import mymodule
mymodule.greeting("Rahul")
#When using a function from a module, use the
# syntax: module_name.function_name
Output:
Hello, Rahul
import mymodule
a = mymodule.person1["age"]
n=mymodule.person1["name"]
c=mymodule.person1["country"]
print("Age of Ram:",a)
print("Name of person:",n)
print("Country: ",c)
Output:
Age of Ram: 36
Name of person: Ram
Country: India
# Re-naming a Module
# You can create an alias when you import a module, by using the "as" keyword:
import mymodule as mm
a = mm.person1["age"]
n=mm.person1["name"]
c=mm.person1["country"]
print(a)
print(n)
print(c)
Output:
36
Ram
India
# Built-in Modules
# There are several built-in modules in Python,
# which you can import whenever you like.
# Example
# Import and use the platform module:
import platform
x = platform.system()
print(x)
Output:
Windows
# Using the dir() Function
# There is a built-in function to list all the function names (or variable names)
# in a module. The dir() function:
import platform
import mymodule
x = dir(platform)
print(x)
y=dir(mymodule)
print(y)
Output:
['_WIN32_CLIENT_RELEASES', '_WIN32_SERVER_RELEASES', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__copyright__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '__version__', '_comparable_version', '_component_re', '_default_architecture', '_follow_symlinks', '_ironpython26_sys_version_parser', '_ironpython_sys_version_parser', '_java_getprop', '_libc_search', '_mac_ver_xml', '_node', '_norm_version', '_platform', '_platform_cache', '_pypy_sys_version_parser', '_sys_version', '_sys_version_cache', '_sys_version_parser', '_syscmd_file', '_syscmd_uname', '_syscmd_ver', '_uname_cache', '_ver_output', '_ver_stages', 'architecture', 'collections', 'java_ver', 'libc_ver', 'mac_ver', 'machine', 'node', 'os', 'platform', 'processor', 'python_branch', 'python_build', 'python_compiler', 'python_implementation', 'python_revision', 'python_version', 'python_version_tuple', 're', 'release', 'sys', 'system', 'system_alias', 'uname', 'uname_result', 'version', 'win32_edition', 'win32_is_iot', 'win32_ver']
['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'greeting', 'person1']
# Import only the person1 dictionary from the module:
from mymodule import person1
print ("Age:",person1["age"])
print("Name:",person1["name"])
print("Country:",person1["country"])
# Note: When importing using the from keyword,
# do not use the module name when referring to elements in the module.
# Example:
# person1["age"],
# not mymodule.person1["age"]
Output:
Age: 36
Name: Ram
Country: India
# Python Try Except
# The try block lets you test a block of code for errors.
# The except block lets you handle the error.
# The finally block lets you execute code,
# regardless of the result of the try- and except blocks.
# Exception Handling
# When an error occurs, or exception as we call it,
# Python will normally stop and generate an error message.
#
# These exceptions can be handled using the try statement:
#x=5
#print(x) #it gives error
#x=5
try:
print("Value of x:",x)
except:
print("An exception occurred!!!")
print("Welcome")
Output:
An exception occurred!!!
Welcome
# Many Exceptions
# You can define as many exception blocks as you want,
# e.g. if you want to execute a special block of code for a special kind of error.
# Example
# Print one message if the try block raises a NameError and another for other errors.
#The try block will generate a NameError, because x is not defined:
#x=20
#print("Value of x from main python script",x)
# try:
# print("Value of x in try block",x)
# except NameError:
# print("Variable x is not defined")
# except SyntaxError:
# print("Something else went wrong")
#x=20
try:
print(x)
except NameError:
print("Variable x is not defined")
except SyntaxError:
print("Something else went wrong")
Output:
Variable x is not defined
# Else
# You can use the else keyword to define
# a block of code to be executed if no errors were raised:
# Example
# In this example, the try block does not generate any error:
try:
x=20
print(x)
except SyntaxError:
print("Something went wrong")
except NameError:
print("x is not defined.")
else:
print("Nothing went wrong")
Output:
20
Nothing went wrong
# Else
# You can use the else keyword to define
# a block of code to be executed if no errors were raised:
# Example
# In this example, the try block does not generate any error:
try:
pass
#print("Hello")
except:
print("Something went wrong")
else:
print("Nothing went wrong")
Output:
Nothing went wrong
# Finally
# The finally block, if specified,
# will be executed regardless if the try block raises an error or not.
# Example
try:
x=20
print(x)
except:
print("Something went wrong")
finally:
print("The 'try except' is finished")
Output:
20
The 'try except' is finished
# Raise an exception
# As a Python developer you can choose to throw an exception if a condition occurs.
#
# To throw (or raise) an exception, use the raise keyword.
#
# Example
# Raise an error and stop the program if x is lower than 0:
x = -1
if x < 0:
raise Exception("Sorry, x is negative")
Output:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Hp/PycharmProjects/Python_Try_Except ion_Handling/6.py", line 12, in <module>
raise Exception("Sorry, x is negative")
Exception: Sorry, x is negative
# The raise keyword is used to raise an exception.
#
# You can define what kind of error to raise, and the text to print to the user.
#
# Example
# Raise a TypeError if x is not an integer:
#x = "hello"
#print(type(x))
x=20
if not type(x) is int:
raise TypeError("Only integers are allowed")
else:
print("Value of x is integer!!!")
print("Exception is not raised!!!")
Output:
Value of x is integer!!!
Exception is not raised!!!
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